## Concat

### Description

Concatenates one or more resources to a single file or to the console. The destination file will be created if it does not exist unless the resource list is empty and ignoreempty is true.

Since Apache Ant 1.7.1, this task can be used as a Resource Collection that will return exactly one resource.

Resource Collections are used to select which resources are to be concatenated. There is no singular attribute to specify a single resource to cat.

### Parameters

Attribute | Description | Required
destfile | The destination file for the concatenated stream. If not specified the console will be used instead. | No
append | Specifies whether or not the file specified by 'destfile' should be appended. Defaults to "no". | No
force | Specifies whether or not the file specified by 'destfile' should be written to even if it is newer than all source files. deprecated, use the overwrite attribute instead Defaults to "yes". | No
overwrite | Specifies whether or not the file specified by 'destfile' should be written to even if it is newer than all source files. since Ant 1.8.2. Defaults to "yes". | No
forceReadOnly | Overwrite read-only destination files. since Ant 1.8.2 | No; defaults to false.
encoding | Specifies the encoding for the input files. Please see http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/intl/encoding.doc.html for a list of possible values. Defaults to the platform's default character encoding. | No
outputencoding | The encoding to use when writing the output file since Ant 1.6. Defaults to the value of the encoding attribute if given or the default JVM encoding otherwise. | No
fixlastline | Specifies whether or not to check if each file concatenated is terminated by a new line. If this attribute is "yes" a new line will be appended to the stream if the file did not end in a new line. since Ant 1.6. Defaults to "no". This attribute does not apply to embedded text. | No
eol | Specifies what the end of line character are for use by the fixlastline attribute. since Ant 1.6 Valid values for this property are: cr: a single CR lf: a single LF crlf: the pair CRLF mac: a single CR unix: a single LF dos: the pair CRLF The default is platform dependent. For Unix platforms, the default is "lf". For DOS based systems (including Windows), the default is "crlf". For Mac OS, the default is "cr". | No
binary | since Ant 1.6.2 If this attribute is set to true, the task concatenates the files in a byte by byte fashion. If this attribute is false, concat will not normally work for binary files due to character encoding issues. If this option is set to true, the destfile attribute must be set, and the task cannot used nested text. Also the attributes encoding, outputencoding, filelastline cannot be used. The default is "false". | No
ignoreempty | Since Ant 1.8.0 Specifies whether or not the file specified by 'destfile' should be created if the source resource list is empty. Defaults to "true". | No

### Parameters specified as nested elements

#### Resource Collection

since Ant 1.7.

Any of the various Resource Collection types can specify the resources to be concatenated.

#### filterchain

since Ant 1.6.

The concat task supports nested FilterChains.

#### header, footer

since Ant 1.6.

Used to prepend or postpend text into the concatenated stream.

The text may be in-line or be in a file.

Attribute | Description | Required
filtering | Whether to filter the text provided by this sub element, default is "yes". | No
file | A file to place at the head or tail of the concatenated text. | No
trim | Whether to trim the value, default is "no" | No
trimleading | Whether to trim leading white space on each line, default is "no" | No

### Examples

Concatenate a string to a file:

      <concat destfile="README">Hello, World!</concat>

Concatenate a series of files to the console:

      <concat>
        <fileset dir="messages" includes="*important*"/>
      </concat>

Concatenate a single file, appending if the destination file exists:

      <concat destfile="NOTES" append="true">
        <filelist dir="notes" files="note.txt"/>
      </concat>

Concatenate a series of files, update the destination file only if is older that all the source files:

      <concat destfile="${docbook.dir}/all-sections.xml"
              force="no">
        <filelist dir="${docbook.dir}/sections"
             files="introduction.xml,overview.xml"/>
        <fileset dir="${docbook.dir}"
             includes="sections/*.xml"
             excludes="introduction.xml,overview.xml"/>
      </concat>

Concatenate a series of files, expanding ant properties

       <concat destfile="${build.dir}/subs">
          <path>
            <fileset dir="${src.dir}" includes="*.xml"/>
            <pathelement location="build.xml"/>
          </path>
          <filterchain>
            <expandproperties/>
          </filterchain>
       </concat>

Filter the lines containing project from build.xml and output them to report.output, prepending with a header

       <concat destfile="${build.dir}/report.output">
          <header filtering="no" trimleading="yes">
              Lines that contain project
              ==========================
          </header>
          <path path="build.xml"/>
          <filterchain>
             <linecontains>
               <contains value="project"/>
             </linecontains>
          </filterchain>
       </concat>

Concatenate a number of binary files.

       <concat destfile="${build.dir}/dist.bin" binary="yes">
         <fileset file="${src.dir}/scripts/dist.sh" />
         <fileset file="${build.dir}/dist.tar.bz2" />
       </concat>